- Two groups of Celts: Brythons settled on Britain, Gaels settled in Ireland.
- Farmers and hunters. Organized in clans with loyalty. Priests settled disputes.
- Next came Roman conquerers. Mainly Julius Ceasar with hasty invasions.
- Next Anglo-Saxons. Fishers. Took over more of England.
Coming Of Christianity
- Romans had accepted it. Although Rome fell, the religion/Celtic church didn't. Established monasteries. Promoted peace, helped to unify English people.after
Danish Invasion
- Norway wanted Scotland, Whales, and Ireland. Denmark wanted Eastern/southern England. The vikings destroyed monasteries and killed people. England fallen to invaders.
- King "Alfred the great" was throned. Split between Saxon and Danish territory. King considered a hero.
- King preserved danish lifestyle. Then Edward became king.
The Norman Conquest
- descendants of vikings. after Edward died, next came Harold II, but was killed by William who rightfully took the throne he was promised. Shifted from Saxon to Norman lifestyle.
The Reign of the Plantagenets
- Now Henry II founded House of Plant. conflict with church. When he killed a person who took church's side, attended his tomb and it became a sacred thing to do.
The Magna Carta
- Next Richard I, military expeditions over seas. Next King John inherited his debt, taxed people, People resisted, brought brinks to civil war. Made Magna Carta= constitutional Gov in England.
Lancasters, Yorks, And Tudors
- Next came three henry kings of Lanc. Yorks conflicted with them. Known as Wars of Roses. Fought over throne.
- York king killed. Two descendants married, united/ending the war and the throne.
Decline of the Feudal System
- after plague, labor work increased. Got treated badly, peasants revolted.
- cause faded, but fight for social injustices would come again
Literature
- Anglo-Saxon-reciting of poems. Focused on heroes, or deaths of loved ones.
- English Middle Ages-dramas emerged. Chaucer depicted medieval life, knights, love deeds, outlaws.
- advancements in printing lead to widespread literature productions
- Romances, Lyrics, and Ballads
English Language
- A mix of a little bit of everything
- Derived from low germanic tongue from Saxons.
- modeled from more sophisticated words from other languages like Latin and Greek
- mixed with french from Normans
- Now called Middle English
The Exeter Book- Collection of manuscripts that included pieces of oral tradition. Properly compiled by monks during Alfred the great's reign. "Seafarer", "Wanderer" and "Wife's Lament" all came from book. Inspired through Anglo-Saxons.
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